A
' button turns counter-clockwise. Hold Shift while clicking either to flip its direction.Moves always refer to the cube's own faces, so a solution is correct at any orientation. For 2×2 the solver is provably optimal; for hand-twists and painted states it searches for the shortest solution it can find. For a deep scramble or long formula on 3×3 and up, the shortest guaranteed answer is the simplified inverse of the move log — already close to optimal length and written in plain face notation.
R U F L B D turn the outer layer; ' = counter-clockwise; 2 = 180°. A lowercase letter turns the two outermost layers on that side (a double-layer turn) — so r is the same as Rw. 3Rw turns three layers (4×4 and up). M E S are the single middle slices. Type without spaces: RrUR'.
U D turn 90°; tall faces F B L R turn 180° only (no wide turns exist on the tower).